作为转折点的冲击性创伤
《心理韧性》作为转折点的冲击性创伤,页面无弹窗的全文阅读!
在自己的生活中和教导许多耐受窗较窄的人士的过程中，我曾经发现了冲击性创伤的最后一个特点：在一个人的身心系统遭遇了长期冲击之后，冲击性创伤常常会作为一个转折点出现。
哪怕自己的耐受窗很窄，人们通常也能够在慢性压力和创伤下长时间地正常活动。例如，有人可能经历过艰难的成长过程。现在，作为一名成年人，他们可能要忍受睡眠不足、过度工作和没完没了的最后期限，同时还要应付家庭责任。抑或他们可能常常要面对种族主义、性别歧视、异性恋主义、贫困、歧视、排斥或骚扰带来的关系型创伤。以这种方式生活多年（甚至数十年）之后，他们可能没法飞黄腾达，但他们依然能保持振作，正常活动。
这样的人实际上生活在一个不稳定的平衡状态中，然而，由于他们的耐受窗很小，因此他们缺少内部资源来有效地应对任何全新的意外冲击或危机。多年来，他们一直在稳步积累非稳态负荷。因此，当意外或危机发生（如车祸、恐怖袭击、火灾、飓风、校园枪击或挚爱之人意外去世等）时，他们早已精疲力竭。反过来，在突发或意外事件中，他们的生存脑更有可能感到无力、无助和失控。这恰恰是冲击性创伤的完美配置。
此外，对于一个已经在悬崖边摇摇欲坠的身心系统来说，这种新的冲击可能是第一次出现失调症状的转折点，如果症状已经出现，那么这就会成为失调症状倍增和加剧的起点。由于这种人的耐受窗很窄，所以为了应对这些症状，他们也更有可能依赖短期的补救措施，而这些措施实际上会进一步增加非稳态负荷。例如，他们可能会利用尼古丁、酒精、咖啡因、安慰食物和其他药物来自我安慰，抑或变本加厉地追求刺激，做出暴力或自残行为。
这就好似靠工资生活的人。如果出现意外开支，比如汽车的大规模维修或牙科急诊，那么他们的经济稳定性将不复存在。反过来，他们可能会做出短期选择来应对意外开支，比如以高利率刷爆信用卡，而这么做实际上会加剧他们在财务上的长期不稳定性。
因此，冲击性创伤常常会成为失调症状的转折点。幸运的是，从我接触大量人士的工作经验来看，冲击性创伤通常也是恢复的转折点。正如马丁的症状是导致他参加MMFT训练的转折点一样，冲击性创伤通常可以帮助我们获得动力，去尝试新的习惯和方法来应对压力、负面情绪和慢性疼痛。至于是什么导致我们的耐受窗变得狭窄，这并不重要。我们总是可以选择坚持不懈地养成新的习惯，让它们重塑我们的身心系统，并因此拓宽我们的耐受窗。
在继续阅读下一章之前，我想请你回忆一下你自己在缩小耐受窗的第二种途径方面的经历。在你的笔记中，你可以列出你所经历过的每一次冲击性创伤。记住，你的生存脑和身体可能会在“小事”或“微不足道”的事情上经历冲击性创伤，比如轻微车祸、门诊手术或发现自己的伴侣有外遇等。在接下来的几天里，你可能会想起更多可以加入这个清单的事情；请继续将它们写下来，这样你就能得到一个完整的清单。或许你也可以问问自己的家人，请他们帮助你回忆你小时候经历过的冲击性创伤。
完成这个清单后，请花些时间回忆一下，写一写当时你是否认为这些事情具有创伤性，或你的思考脑是否曾经看轻、忽视或否认了这些冲击性创伤。如果有的话或许你还可以反思一下，你在这些冲击性创伤过后采取了哪些措施让自己恢复。最后，你还可以思考一下，你的冲击性创伤经历是否成了你首次出现失调症状或症状加剧的转折点，也许这是你第一次注意到持续失调的迹象。你也可以探究一下自己的症状表征和冲击性创伤发生很久之后的“微型”压力源之间的相互作用，就像马丁对他在即将到来的工作检查前出现的新症状所做的那样。
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